The History and Characteristics of Fort Mulberry, an American-built Fort on the Sea

 Mulberry is the code name for a series of artificial harbors that were built during World War II to support the Allied invasion of Normandy. These structures were designed to be temporary, modular, and easy to assemble, disassemble, and transport. Mulberry harbors were one of the most ambitious and innovative engineering projects of the war, and they played a crucial role in the success of the D-Day landings. The idea of building artificial harbors to support an amphibious invasion was not new, but it had never been attempted on such a large scale before. The Allies realized that the existing ports in Normandy would be heavily fortified and defended, and that capturing them intact would be extremely difficult. Therefore, they decided to bring their own ports with them, in the form of prefabricated structures that could be assembled on site. The Mulberry harbors consisted of several components, including floating breakwaters, piers, pontoons, and causeways. The floating breakwaters wer