The Normandy Landings: From Planning to Completion Introduction The Normandy landings, also known as D-Day, were a critical turning point in World War II. The successful execution of this amphibious invasion was the result of meticulous planning and execution by Allied forces. In this article, we will discuss the entire process from planning to completion of the Normandy landings. Planning the Invasion Intelligence Gathering Before launching the invasion, Allied forces needed to gather intelligence on the enemy's strength, defenses, and troop movements. This involved spying, reconnaissance missions, and gathering information from resistance fighters in France. Choosing the Landing Sites The next step was to choose the landing sites for the invasion. A team of military experts considered several factors such as the enemy's defenses, the tide, and the terrain. They eventually selected five beaches in Normandy, which were code-named Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. Building t

 Mulberry is the code name for a series of artificial harbors that were built during World War II to support the Allied invasion of Normandy. These structures were designed to be temporary, modular, and easy to assemble, disassemble, and transport. Mulberry harbors were one of the most ambitious and innovative engineering projects of the war, and they played a crucial role in the success of the D-Day landings. The idea of building artificial harbors to support an amphibious invasion was not new, but it had never been attempted on such a large scale before. The Allies realized that the existing ports in Normandy would be heavily fortified and defended, and that capturing them intact would be extremely difficult. Therefore, they decided to bring their own ports with them, in the form of prefabricated structures that could be assembled on site. The Mulberry harbors consisted of several components, including floating breakwaters, piers, pontoons, and causeways. The floating breakwaters wer